- Smith, Anita, and Cate Turk. 2013. “Customary systems of management and World Heritage in the Pacific Islands.” Transcending the Culture–Nature Divide in Cultural Heritage: Views from the Asia–Pacific region, pp. 23-34. Canberra, Australia: Australian National University (ANU).
- Abstract：
In recent decades local communities have been increasingly engaged in protecting heritage sites through the development of new models of conservation practice, such as co-management, joint management and community management. Our interest in heritage conservation in the Pacific leads us to examine a related form of management arrangement, customary management. In this paper we examine how systems of customary land tenure prevalent throughout the region require a method for establishing and managing heritage fundamentally different to that employed in the Yellowstone model of state-managed protected areas, or the co-management of indigenous landscapes such as that of Uluru-Kata Tjuta in Australia. We suggest a fine distinction between customary systems of management and customary systems used in management; and consider the implication customary land tenure has for governance in heritage management; the definition of heritage values; and the need for sustainable livelihoods.